Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer’s disease refer to a range of behavioral and psychological symptoms and can affect up to 97% of patients, according to the National Institutes of Health.

These symptoms can include agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, hallucinations/delusions (psychosis), sleep disturbances, appetite/eating behavior, aberrant motor behavior, irritability, disinhibition, and euphoria.

Some, like apathy, can be subtle, like when your dad no longer shows any interest in watching football. Other symptoms are more noticeable, like when your grandma thinks that the neighbors are trying to poison her.

These symptoms can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life and are associated with higher rates of mortality, hospitalization, and institutionalization. They can also lead to increased caregiver distress and healthcare costs. Agitation and aggression are especially distressing to patients and their caregivers. It can be unsettling if your once quiet and calm mom starts pacing, cursing, and hitting.

NPS can be present in all stages of the disease. The severity of the symptoms is usually linked to the progression of the disease and the extent of cognitive decline. There are both medication and non-medication approaches that can be used to help manage neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). It’s important to talk with your doctor to determine the best approach for you or your loved one.